Nematodes
Pathogenic nematodes
Most nematodes in the soil are beneficial to the soil and plants. Healthy soil contains more than 40 per gram of soil. Sometimes, certain nematodes are harmful to the culture in place. They are said to be phytoparasites.
le Méloïdogyne chitwoodi, un parasite de nombreuses cultures
Phytoparasitic nematodes are present in all regions of the world, on all types of crops and mainly attack the underground organs of plants, roots, tubers, rhizomes, more rarely leaves and stems. On the aerial part of the plants, the symptoms are not very specific and result in discolorations, a yellowing of the foliage and stages of development in very specific species, they are a source of frequent errors of visual diagnosis on the attacked plants. A precise diagnosis making it possible to attribute the damage to the presence of a phytoparasitic species can only be established on the basis of soil and / or root analyzes, by a specialized laboratory.
ADD PHOTO DAMAGE NEMATODES
In France, the problems linked to the presence of phytoparasitic nematodes are increasing. Their entry into a plot is "easy", their exit is almost impossible. Among the crops affected in the northern half of France, the main ones are:
sugar beet: the choice of tolerant beet varieties is essential, and sometimes insufficient in the event of a very infested plot and a "hard" climate. Recourse to intercropping is compulsory to clean the soil.
Potato. Two genera of nematodes can act mainly: the genus globodera and meloidogyne. For the first, the use of tolerant potato varieties is mandatory. The control via intercropping of forage radish is useful thanks to biofumigation. For meloidogyne, the situation is much more complicated. Many cultures and intercrops multiply this parasitic nemetode. Only certain intercrops are useful for limiting their population and therefore their effects on the affected crops. This is the case with multi-resistant forage radish. Choosing this species in intercropping is an obligatory preventive control when we know the impacts of yield, refusal of export, drop in quality of harvests and especially quarantine.
oilseed rape
industrial vegetables other
Vine
the forest
ADD HETERODERA CARD
Here is a table which summarizes the impacts of phytoparasitic nematodes on the main rotational crops. Some nematodes are subservient to a few crops (globodera pallida, for example in potatoes). Others are very polyphagous making the fight even more difficult (meloidogyne chitwoodi and fallax)
ADD DOC NEMATODES xls
Prevent the risk of pathogenic nematodes
the resistant simple forage radish acts on nematodes of the genus Heterodera. It is planned for intercropping sugar beets.
The multiresistant forage radish acts against nematodes of the genus heterodera and meloidogyne and others… It is essential to place it in rotation with potatoes and / or vegetables because the financial stakes are enormous.
ADD DOC NEMATODES xls
for further :
FN3PT NEMATOOLS
MELOIDOGYNE VEGETABLES
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xG95WYfw71o
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